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Keywords Roman private corporations, lex collegii, collegium Aesculapii et Hygiae. The same applies to patrons and benefactors of the collegium.
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For members of the collegium the participation in these ceremonies was first of all an opportunity to demonstrate their position within the college and in the urban community. Moreover, the commemorative services, collegial feasts and distributions which are mentioned in lex collegii should be considered in a wider social context. The statement that the college owned a graveyard is also based on an erroneous interpretation of the words defunctorum loca, found in the lex collegii, which supposedly meant places in the corporate graveyard, while in fact they referred to the membership of the college (members' places in the college). The term funeraticium used by the authors of the lex collegii with the utmost certainty is insufficient to claim that it was a collegium funeraticium. Secondly, quite common conviction that the collegium Aesculapii et Hygiae was a funerary one is based on a very meagre source material. Firstly, the analysis of the provisions included in the lex collegii Aesculapii et Hygiae leads to the conclusion that what we have here is not the organisation's statute but an agreement between the collegium and Salvia Marcellina and her brother-in-law, P. In this article I try to verify the traditional interpretation of this inscription. Lex collegii Aesculapii et Hygiae is one of the most frequently cited source texts concerning the Roman private corporations. Si pubblica infine un ulteriore frammento, pure inedito, con parte del testo della lex costitutiva di un ignoto collegio, contenente disposizioni circa i funerali dei propri membri. Questa ricostruzione consente ormai di contestualizzare e meglio comprendere la lex collegi Diane et Antinoi di Lanuvio, anch’essa di età adrianea, finora l’unico documento epigrafico che sembrava riferibile a quelle disposizioni. Si tratterebbe dunque di quella disposizione generale, corrispondente alla deroga a favore dei "tenuiores" di cui parla la letteratura giuridica, di cui conosceremmo ora il promotore (l’imperatore Adriano) e la data. L’articolo esamina tre diversi frammenti epigrafici di Ostia, due dei quali pertinenti ad una medesima iscrizione (uno già pubblicato, gli altri inediti), che conservano parzialmente copia di uno stesso testo, contenente una delibera del senato a seguito di una relatio dei consoli in carica nel Maggio-Giugno 121, i quali riferiscono al consesso una proposta imperiale concernente appunto, così sembrerebbe, la costituzione di col- legia a scopo eminentemente funerario.
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Si ritiene che il fondamento legislativo in materia fosse, in età imperiale, una lex Iulia, che vietava di costituire collegia senza specifica autorizzazione del senato: il rigore della lex Iulia sarebbe stato successivamente mitigato con una sorta di deroga in favore dei tenuiores, cui si concedeva di riunirsi in collegi sostan- zialmente a scopo funerario, provvedimento che dai più veniva datato, sulle orme del De Robertis, in età claudia.
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Il problema, la cui impostazione risale al Mommsen, si basa su fonti giuridiche e un ridotto numero di testimonianze epigrafiche. La legislazione romana sul diritto di associazione e sulla costituzione di collegi rappresenta un tema maggiore nella storia del diritto romano e della prassi amministrativa dell’impero. Collegia may have had collective tombs in other towns, but in the city of Rome it seems the collegiati were incorporated in the columbaria as members of the same social class. In the conclusion of this thesis the hypothesis of the utilisation of one tomb by one collegium is dismissed, for no tangible evidence of this phenomenon is known. For that reason, the collective tombs were placed out of sight and were socially banished underground and towards the back of the aboveground cemetery, only accessible by a smaller diverticolo. Although it was never legally recorded, it is likely that the presence of such large collective tombs of modest inhabitants was simply socially unheard of, as social laws are sometimes equally bounded within humanity. Here, the inconsistencies in the source material make us poorly understand who exactly occupied these tomb chambers, why they lie here and why together. The generalisations are mostly based on traditional literature and epigraphic sources. These inhabitants of Rome participated on a large scale in collegia, associations formed by the inferior men in society. This thesis seeks to examine the context of the Roman columbarium tomb in connection to what is known about the plebs media, the alleged occupants.